2026年春八年级英语下册寒假预习衔接讲义
Unit6 Living with nature 语法、写作篇
宾语从句
一．疑问词引导的宾语从句
当特殊疑问句充当句子的宾语时,由原来的疑问词作为连接词,这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不可省略。疑问词引导的宾语从句也要用陈述语序。
常见连接词的含义及功能如下:
| 连接词 | 含义 | 功能 | |
| 连
接 代 词 |
who | 谁(主格) | 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 |
| whom | 谁(宾格) | ||
| whose | 谁的 | ||
| what | 什么 | ||
| which | 哪个 | ||
| 连
接 副 词 |
when | 什么时候 | 除在句中起连接作用外,还可在宾语从句中作状语。 |
| where | 什么地方 | ||
| how | 怎样,如何 | ||
| why | 为什么 | ||
He asked them what they did at the weekend．他问他们周末做了什么。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)
Do you know when he was born?你知道他是何时出生的吗?(when在宾语从句中作时间状语)
注意
连接代词who与whom都指人。who为主格,在从句中作主语或宾语;whom为宾格,在从句中作宾语。
I don’t know who is playing the piano next door．我不知道谁正在隔壁弹钢琴。(who在宾语从句中作主语)
Could you tell me whom you spoke to just now?你能告诉我你刚才在和谁说话吗? (whom在宾语从句中作宾语)
二． 宾语从句的时态问题
在含有宾语从句的复合句中:
(1)主句如果是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况选用时态。
| 主句 | 宾语从句 |
| Mr Smith tells us
Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 |
that he works in a library． 他在图书馆工作。
that he is working in a library． 他目前在图书馆工作。 that he has worked in a library since 1985． 自1985年以来,他一直在图书馆工作。 |
| Mr Smith tells us
Mr Smith has told us Mr Smith will tell us Smith先生告诉我们 |
that he worked in a library last year． 去年他在图书馆工作。
that he was working in a library when we first met him． 我们第一次见到他时,他在图书馆工作。 |
(2)主句如果是过去时态,从句通常也用与过去有关的时态。
The teacher said that the students were having an exam． 老师说学生们正在考试。
The foreign guests told me that they had learnt a lot during their stay in China． 这些外国客人告诉我,他们在中国逗留期间学到了很多东西。
(3)当宾语从句表示的是普遍真理、客观事实或现在看来仍然是真实的情况时,从句用一般现在时,而不受主句时态的影响。
Mother told me that honesty is the best policy． 妈妈告诉我诚实总是上策。
(4)在口语中,为了强调从句涉及的某一状态在说话时仍在继续,动作是习惯性的、反复出现的,动作正在进行或尚未发生时,或主从句中所发生的动作时间在同一天,两者相隔很短时,宾语从句有时也用一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。
Mary said that she usually reads a book before going to bed． Mary说她睡觉前通常会看书。
She said that she is flying to Beijing next week．她说她下周要飞往北京。
随堂训练
一．单项选择
1．—Would you please tell me ________?
—They’re Miss White’s．
A．when the robots were bought B．why the robots were made
C．which city the robots were taken to D．who the robots belong to
2．—What did Jenny say to you just now?
—She wanted to know _______．
A．when will we have the art festival
B．who broke the window of the classroom
C．if our sports meeting will be put off
D．where did I go for a picnic
3．Mum asked Lucy ________．
A．if could they walk along this way B．which gate they could go
C．which was the way to that street D．why to have a rest
4．—Could you tell me ________?
—Sorry, I don’t know． You can ask the policeman over there．
A．where was the zoo B．how can I get to the zoo
C．which is the way to the zoo D．is there a zoo near here
5．—Can you tell me ________?
—It’s YOLO (《热辣滚烫》)．
A．which movie do you like best B．which movie you like best
C．why do you like the movie best D．why you like the movie best
6． I do not know ________ gold medal this is． But I know its owner must be worried．
A．who B．which C．whose D．where
7． Alice couldn’t find out ________, so she handed it to the teacher．
A．whose book was it B．who’s the book C．whose book may it D．whose book it was
8．—Do you know ________ the new museum will open?
—Next month, I think．
A．when B．where C．why D．how
9．—Could you tell me ________ the nearest supermarket is?
—Go along this street and turn left at the first crossing． It’s on your right．
A．what B．how C．where D．when
10．—I wonder ________ I can protect my eyes． Can you give me some advice?
—First of all, you should avoid looking at the phone screen for a long time．
A．why B．where C．how D．which
11． The idiom “Time and tide wait for no man” tells us ________．
A．how can we achieve success B．what people do for their goals
C．why we should value time D．where we can wait for the man
12． The manager asked the worker _________, but he didn’t get any replies．
A．how long did he stay in the office B．how could he work out the problem
C．why he was late again D．whether he can help repair the machine
13．—Peter, do you know if Tim ______ back tomorrow?
—If he ______ back, I’ll let you know．
A．comes; will come B．will come; comes
C．comes; comes D．will come; will come
14． The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound．
A．travel B．travels C．travelled D．travelling
15．—Do you know ________?
—In two days．
A．when will the meeting start B．when the meeting started
C．when does the meeting start D．when the meeting will start
16．— Can you tell me __________?
— Sure． I run every morning and play basketball on weekends．
A．how you stay healthy B．how do you stay healthy
C．when do you exercise D．when you exercise
17． The two-hour documentary describes _________ in the future．
A．how Suzhou will be like B．what will Suzhou be like
C．how Suzhou will be D．what Suzhou will like
18． I ________ to interrupt others while they are talking．
A．think it is not polite B．don’t think it is polite
C．think it’s polite D．don’t think it’s not polite
19．—Chinese is too hard for Tom．
—Really? But I ________ it ________ a problem if he works hard．
A．think; will be B．think; isn’t
C．don’t think; will be D．don’t think; won’t be
二．完成句子
1．我不确定他是否能赢得这场比赛 。
I am not sure_______ he can win the match_______ not．
2．你能告诉我咱们明天什么时候出发吗？
Could you tell me ____________________________tomorrow?
3．你知道昨天学校里发生什么事了吗？
Did you know______________ at the school yesterday?
4．——你知道它们是怎样走路的吗？
——不知道。
—Do you know_______ they _______?
—No, I don’t know．
5．老师告诉我们本次学校旅行取决于天气。
Our teacher told us that the school trip______________the weather．
6．你知道在哪里我能买到吃的东西？
Do you know where ______________buy something to eat?
7．我认为他们不允许人们在湖里游泳。
I_______think they_______people ______________in the lake．
8．史密斯先生，我得提醒你10分钟后有个会议。
Mr． Smith, I have to you you’ll have a meeting in ten minutes．
9．我要浏览一下报纸，看看昨天发生了什么事。
I will look through the newspaper to see ______________ yesterday．
10．我问妈妈我们能否在家举办一次派对。
I asked my mother whether______________have a party at hone．
11．我能做自己喜欢做的事情的同时还能帮助别人。
I can do_______ I love to_______ and ______________at the same time．
写作精讲
本单元的话题是“人与自然”,要求学生根据所给的提示内容写一篇以“人与自然”为主题的书面表达。该话题常见的体裁是记叙文、说明文和应用文,通常涉及的细分话题有:①介绍如何保护地球或环境;②介绍如何保护野生动物;③讲述自己和大自然有关的一次经历和感受。
写作实例
近年来,世界多地自然灾害频发,引起了全球对地球保护的思考。请以“The Earth Is Our Home”为题,写一篇以“保护地球”为话题的短文。
要点提示:(1)现状(cut down too many trees;kill a lot of wild animals;more natural disasters) (2)我们应该如何做?
注意:(1)必须包含上述信息,可适当发挥;(2)词数100左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
The Earth Is Our Home
The Earth is our home and we only have one Earth．
…………
参考答案
一．单项选择
1． D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这些机器人属于谁吗？ ——它们是怀特小姐的。
考查宾语从句。when the robots were bought机器人是什么时候买的；why the robots were made机器人为什么被制造；which city the robots were taken to机器人被带到哪个城市；who the robots belong to机器人属于谁。根据“They’re Miss White’s．”可知，此处询问机器人属于谁。故选D。
2． B
【详解】句意：——Jenny刚才对你说什么了？——她想知道是谁打破了教室的窗户。
考查宾语从句。根据“She wanted to know．．．”可知，此处是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除选项A、D；主句是一般过去时，从句时态也用相应的过去时，排除选项C。故选B。
…………
不错
很有用
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